How we verify the calculations
ALOGY Tools calculates with the equations, coefficients and tables of the standards cited on each page, not with values from memory. Below are points published by official sources, side by side with what the tools calculate.
A point agrees when the difference fits within the rounding of the published value (half of its last digit), unless the group states another tolerance. The ALOGY Tools column is calculated when this page is generated, by the same code the tools run.
Thermocouples: voltage with the reference junction at 0 °C
Source: NIST ITS-90 Thermocouple Database (Monograph 175), one point of each type
| Point | Published value | ALOGY Tools | Difference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type K, 300 °C | 12.209 mV | 12.20857 mV | −0.00043 | Agrees |
| Type J, 800 °C | 45.494 mV | 45.49439 mV | +0.00039 | Agrees |
| Type T, −100 °C | −3.379 mV | −3.37858 mV | +0.00042 | Agrees |
| Type E, −100 °C | −5.237 mV | −5.23718 mV | −0.00018 | Agrees |
| Type N, −100 °C | −2.407 mV | −2.40681 mV | +0.00019 | Agrees |
| Type R, 1200 °C | 13.228 mV | 13.22797 mV | −3.5 × 10⁻⁵ | Agrees |
| Type S, 1200 °C | 11.951 mV | 11.95055 mV | −0.00045 | Agrees |
| Type B, 1000 °C | 4.834 mV | 4.83434 mV | +0.00034 | Agrees |
Used in: Thermocouple calculator
PT100: resistance from temperature
Source: IEC 60751:2022, reference table (Callendar–Van Dusen)
| Point | Published value | ALOGY Tools | Difference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PT100, −200 °C | 18.52 Ω | 18.5201 Ω | +8 × 10⁻⁵ | Agrees |
| PT100, −100 °C | 60.26 Ω | 60.2558 Ω | −0.0042 | Agrees |
| PT100, 100 °C | 138.51 Ω | 138.5055 Ω | −0.0045 | Agrees |
| PT100, 850 °C | 390.48 Ω | 390.4811 Ω | +0.0011 | Agrees |
Used in: PT100 calculator
Units: conversion factors
Source: NIST SP 811 (2008), appendix B; CGPM standard gravity (9.80665 m/s²)
| Point | Published value | ALOGY Tools | Difference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 psi | 6.894757 kPa | 6.89475729 kPa | +2.9 × 10⁻⁷ | Agrees |
| 1 kgf/cm² | 98.0665 kPa | 98.0665 kPa | 0 | Agrees |
| 1 hp | 745.6999 W | 745.699872 W | −2.8 × 10⁻⁵ | Agrees |
| 1 US gallon per minute | 3.785412 L/min | 3.78541178 L/min | −2.2 × 10⁻⁷ | Agrees |
Used in: Industrial unit converter
Gases: molar volume of the ideal gas
Source: CODATA 2018 (at 0 °C and 101.325 kPa)
| Point | Published value | ALOGY Tools | Difference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 °C and 101.325 kPa | 22.41396954 L/mol | 22.4139695446 L/mol | +4.6 × 10⁻⁹ | Agrees |
Used in: ppm ↔ mg/m³ for gases
Bearings: defect frequencies of the 6205
Source: Case Western Reserve University Bearing Data Center, 6205-2RS JEM SKF bearing
| Point | Published value | ALOGY Tools | Difference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inner race (BPFI) | 5.4152 × shaft speed | 5.415224 × shaft speed | +2.4 × 10⁻⁵ | Agrees |
| Outer race (BPFO) | 3.5848 × shaft speed | 3.584776 × shaft speed | −2.4 × 10⁻⁵ | Agrees |
| Cage (FTF) | 0.39828 × shaft speed | 0.3983084 × shaft speed | +2.8 × 10⁻⁵ | Agrees |
| Rolling element (2 × BSF) | 4.7135 × shaft speed | 4.713443 × shaft speed | −5.7 × 10⁻⁵ | Agrees |
The published multiples are rounded from the same geometry; we accept up to 0.0001 of difference.
Used in: Bearing fault frequencies
Piping: inside diameter and friction
Source: ASME B36.10M (outside diameter 4.500 in, wall 0.237 in); Moody chart for a smooth pipe
| Point | Published value | ALOGY Tools | Difference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4" Sch 40 pipe, inside diameter | 102.26 mm | 102.26 mm | −1.4 × 10⁻¹⁴ | Agrees |
| Friction factor, smooth pipe, Re = 100,000 | 0.0180 | 0.01799 | −1 × 10⁻⁵ | Agrees |
Used in: Flow × velocity × diameter · Pipe pressure drop
Cables: values from the NBR 5410 tables
Source: ABNT NBR 5410:2004 (Brazilian standard, based on IEC 60364), tables 30, 36, 40 and 42
| Point | Published value | ALOGY Tools | Difference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capacity, 2.5 mm² (table 36) | 24 A | 24 A | 0 | Agrees |
| Capacity, 4 mm² (table 36) | 32 A | 32 A | 0 | Agrees |
| Capacity, 10 mm² (table 36) | 57 A | 57 A | 0 | Agrees |
| Temperature factor, PVC, 40 °C (table 40) | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0 | Agrees |
| Grouping factor, 3 bunched circuits (table 42) | 0.70 | 0.7 | 0 | Agrees |
| Short-circuit constant k, copper, PVC (table 30) | 115 A·√s/mm² | 115 A·√s/mm² | 0 | Agrees |
Capacities for method B1 (cables in conduit), two loaded conductors, copper, PVC 70 °C.
Used in: Residential cable sizing · Industrial cable sizing
4–20 mA flow signal from differential pressure
Source: ISO 5167-1: flow is proportional to the square root of the differential pressure
| Point | Published value | ALOGY Tools | Difference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 % of the differential pressure → flow | 50.0 % | 50 % | 0 | Agrees |
| 1 % of the differential pressure → flow | 10.0 % | 10 % | 0 | Agrees |
Used in: 4–20 mA calculator
How we do it
- Primary source: equations and coefficients come from the standard itself or from the reference publication (NIST, IEC, ABNT, ASME, CODATA), with the edition cited on the tool’s page.
- Independent expected value: in each test, the expected value comes from the published source or from a hand calculation, never from the code under test.
- Automated tests: the points on this page and hundreds of other cases (range ends, units, invalid inputs, an empty field that is not zero) run on every code change, before every release.
- Stated limits: outside the range of the standard, the tool warns instead of making up a number. For example, the type B thermocouple does not convert mV to temperature below 250 °C.
- Same data, same result: the calculation is deterministic and the PDF report records the data used, for whoever checks it later.
What this verification does not cover
- Results depend on the data entered: dimensions, ranges, sensor type and installation conditions are up to the person using the tool.
- The tools do not replace a signed design, a certificate from an accredited calibration laboratory or the official strapping of a tank.
- Standards are revised: each tool page cites the edition used in its calculations.
Found a difference?
Write to contato@alogytools.com with the tool, the data and the reference value. Every tool also has a suggestion field.